Rheumatoid arthritis (R.A) is a systemic autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of connective tissue primarily in the joints that involves synovial proliferation and cartilage destruction. R.A is the most common chronic inflammatory joint disease occurs in all races and ethnic groups. Risk factors for the development of R.A include genetic factors and adverse pregnancy outcome, smoking, obesity and recent infections. The “genetic predisposition appears to be related to the histocompatibility genetic marker HLA-DR4 especially in those patients who maintains high titers of immunoglobulin M (IgM) rheumatoid factor. Causes of rheumatoid arthritis include genetic factors, environmental factors, and other factors like various cytokines. Also involvement of the factors like TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, neutrophills, IL-8, prostaglandins and proteases, and some other anti-inflammatory cytokines, The extraarticular feature includes skin, eyes, cardiovascular, aortitis. Treatment includes various pharmacological as well as nonpharmacological and treats by surgery. The Pharmacological treatment includes various disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs, anti-inflammatory, and drugs related to class of analgesics.
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